thành thử
Học thuậtThân thiện
Definition
Adverb (Từ nối): A conjunctive adverb used to indicate a consequence or result. It connects a cause or reason stated earlier to its logical effect, meaning "therefore," "so," "hence," or "as a result."
Usage Examples
- (I missed the bus, so I arrived late.)
- (It rained heavily, therefore the picnic was cancelled.)
- (He didn't study, hence he failed the exam.)
Advanced Usage
- Formal vs. Conversational: "Thành thử" is more common in written and formal spoken Vietnamese. In casual conversation, words like "nên" (so) or "vì vậy" (therefore) are often used interchangeably.
- Position in Sentence: It typically begins the clause that states the result, following a clause that states the cause. The two clauses are often separated by a comma.
Variants and Related Words
- Vì thế (conj): Therefore, for that reason. A very close synonym.
- Cho nên (conj): And so, consequently. Another direct synonym.
- Do đó (conj): Thus, because of that. Slightly more formal.
Synonyms
- Therefore: For that reason; consequently.
- So: With the result that.
- Hence: As a consequence; for this reason.
- Thus: As a result or consequence of this; therefore.
Related Phrases and Patterns
- Nguyên nhân... thành thử kết quả...: This pattern frames a cause-and-effect relationship.
- Nguyên nhân là đường tắc nghẽn, thành thử chúng tôi bị lỡ giờ. (The cause was traffic congestion, so we missed the appointment.)